Analysis of key design considerations for heat exchanger tube sheets

The tube sheet is a core component of a heat exchanger, and its design directly impacts equipment performance. Structurally, it requires a balance between rigidity, welding, and tube bundle layout. A triangular arrangement can improve heat transfer efficiency, but the ease of cleaning must also be considered. In terms of manufacturing process, welding and expansion methods should be selected based on the characteristics of the medium to ensure sealing and corrosion resistance. Material selection must match the corrosiveness of the fluid; carbon steel, stainless steel, or composite materials each have their own applicable scenarios. During verification, stress should be validated using the finite element method, and relevant standards such as GB/T 151 should be followed.